Defination of Fibers:
The essential requirements for fibers to be spun into yarn include a
length of at least 5 millimeters, flexibility, cohesiveness, and
sufficient strength. Fibres are the foundation for all textile
products and can either be natural
(natural fibres) or man-made (manu- factured
or man-made rengenerated). Within these two types or groups,
there are two main kinds of fibres:
- Fibres of indefinite (very great) length, calledfilaments.
- Fibres of much shorter length, called staple fibres.
Filaments are generally combined and twisted to form yarns, whilst staple fibres are spun to create yarns. Yarns are then typically
woven or knitted into fabrics. A piece of fabric contains a huge number of
fibres.
Types of Textile
Fibres:
There are three basic types of fibre groups:
- Natural fibres
- Regenerated fibres or man-mad
- Synthetic fibres
Generally Regenerated and synthetic fibres are collectively known as man-made
or manufactured fibres.
The various types of textile
fibres are summarised in below figure:
Fig:Types of Textile Fiber
Natural fibres are occured in nature, such as wool from
sheep or cotton from cotton plants where Regenerated fibres are made from natural polymers that are not
useable in their original form but can
be regenerated (i.e. reformed) to create useful fibres. One of first
regenerated fibres was rayon, also referred to as viscose or viscose rayon,
regenerated from wood pulp.