Characteristics of Carded Yarn & Flow chart of carded yarn manufacturing process.

Characteristics of Carded Yarn :

• Carded yarns are produced including short fibers
• Comparatively less regular yarn 
• Comparatively lower strength of yarn
• Less lustrous
• Less costly
• Contain neps
• More hairy
• Lower quality of yarn

 

     Fig: Carded Yarn

Flow chart of carded yarn manufacturing process:

Fiber/Bale → Blow Room → Lap/Chute
     ↓
Lap/Chute → Carding → Sliver (Carded)
     ↓
Carded Sliver → Draw Frame → Sliver (Drawn)
     ↓
Drawn Sliver → Simplex → Rove
     ↓
Rove → Ring Frame → Yarn
     ↓
Winding
     ↓
Reeling
     ↓
Bundling
     ↓
Bailing

What are the fibres properties.

Fibres Properties:

Generally Fibres are classified into three categories which have a wide range of physical, mechanical and chemical properties. Physical and mechanical properties include:

• Length, shape and diameter (fineness)
• Colour and lustre
• Strength and flexibility
• Abrasion resistance
• Handle (or feel), e.g. soft (cashmere), harsh (coir), crisp (linen), elastic (Lycra)
• Moisture absorbency
• Electrical properties
• Important chemical properties, including fire resistance
• Chemical reactivity and resistance (e.g. resistance to acids, alkalis, solvents, light, etc.) 
• Antimicrobial properties  

                          Fig: Fibres Properties

Defination of Textile Fibers & Types of Textile Fibers.

Defination of Fibers:  

The essential requirements for fibers to be spun into yarn include a length of at least 5 millimeters, flexibility, cohesiveness, and sufficient strength. Fibres are the foundation for all textile products and can either be natural (natural fibres) or man-made (manu- factured or man-made rengenerated). Within these two types or groups, there are two main kinds of fibres:

1. Fibres of indefinite (very great) length, calledfilaments.
2. Fibres of much shorter length, called staple fibres.

Filaments are generally combined and twisted to form yarns, whilst staple fibres are spun to create yarns. Yarns are then typically woven or knitted into fabrics. A piece of fabric contains a huge number of fibres.

Types of Textile Fibres:

There are three basic types of fibre groups:

1. Natural fibres 
2. Regenerated fibres or man-mad
3. Synthetic fibres

Generally Regenerated and synthetic fibres are collectively known as man-made or manufactured fibres. The various types of textile fibres are summarised in below figure:

                        Fig:Types of Textile Fiber

Natural fibres are occured in nature, such as wool from sheep or cotton from cotton plants where Regenerated fibres are made from natural polymers that are not useable in their original form but can be regenerated (i.e. reformed) to create useful fibres. One of first regenerated fibres was rayon, also referred to as viscose or viscose rayon, regenerated from wood pulp.

Defination of Textile. Importance and uses of Textile.

What is Textile :

The word 'textile' is from Latin, from the adjective textilis, meaning 'woven', from textus, the past participle of the verb texere, 'to weave'.

A textile (often called cloth or fabric) is a flexible artificial material made up of a network of natural or artificial fibers (thread or yarn) formed by weaving or knitting (textiles), or pressed into felt. Textiles include all kinds of clothing and shoes – in fact anything that you can wear!  Useful items of clothing are often thrown away because they are no longer fashionable or the right size, or they are torn or damaged. Instead of just sending them to landfill, these textiles can be given a second life through recycling.

Importance of Textile: 

Textiles are sorted into different grades and then recycled in the following ways:

Reuse: Good quality clothing and shoes are sorted for reuse by charities in the UK and for use in other, poorer countries.  Small charges are made for these clothes, so that jobs are created and people both at home and abroad receive clothing that they can afford.

Manufacturing: If garments are ripped or worn, they can be cut into squares and used as industrial wipers.

Reclamation: Some fibres, such as pure wool, can be pulled apart, dyed, and spun into new garments.  These fibres can also be compressed for use as sound insulation panels, mattress fillings and upholstery padding.

Uses of Textile:

Textile is a major component of material culture. It may be viewed as the products of technology, as cultural symbols, as works of art, or as items of trade. The textile arts are a fundamental human activity, expressing symbolically much of what is valuable in any culture.

Textiles have been used in almost every possible context where their properties are useful. Some of the articles made from textiles are: 

• Bags and other means of carrying objects
• Balloons, kites, sails, parachutes. Earlier aero planes used cloth as part of the construction
• Clothing
• Flags
• Furnishings and other home accessories
• Geotextiles
• Industrial and scientific uses like filtration
• NetsRugs and carpets
• Tents

How to Use Crayola Fabric Markers

Crayon Fabric:

A crayon (or wax pastel) is a stick of colored wax, charcoal, chalk or other material. A crayon made of oiled chalk is called an oil pastel; when made of pigment with a dry binder, it is simply a pastel.

 

      Fig : Crayon Fabric

Things You'll Need

• Cotton or polyester fabric
• Crayola fabric markers
• Paper bags or paper

• Iron
• Clothes dryer

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

Considering factor:

1. Cotton or polyester fabric

2. Crayola fabric markers

3. Paper bags or paper

4. Clothes dryer and Iron

Using Procedure: 

Crayola makes a fabric marker that allows kids (and adults) to create their own designs on T-shirts, tote bags and other items. Crayola fabric markers are easy to use and provide parents and teachers with an inexpensive craft idea for children of all ages.

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

Crayola makes a fabric marker that allows kids (and adults) to create their own designs on T-shirts, tote bags and other items. Crayola fabric markers are easy to use and provide parents and teachers with an inexpensive craft idea for children of all ages.

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

Crayola makes a fabric marker that allows kids or adults to create their own designs on T-shirrs,tote bags and other items.Crayola fabric markers are easy to use and provide parents and teachers with an inexpressive craft idea for children of all ages.

                                                                                                                                                                                                

 Fig: Process of Crayola Fabric Markers

Choose the fabric you want to decorate with Crayola fabric markers. The markers will work on both cotton and polyester materials. The rainbow assortment of colors may not show up on dark-colored T-shirts and other materials.

2

Place the fabric to be decorated on top of a piece of paper or a brown paper bag to prevent the markers from bleeding through the cloth. If you are drawing on a T-shirt, place the paper inside the shirt, between the front and back sections.

3

Color your material using a lot of ink. Light marks from Crayola fabric markers may wash off in the washing machine. Saturating the cloth well will guarantee the color will remain on the cloth.

4

Put aside your creation to let it dry before you set the design with heat. Drying times may range from just a few minutes to an hour or more, depending on how thoroughly you have covered your fabric.

5

Set the markers by using either an iron or a clothes dryer. Iron over the designs slowly for about 4 minutes. If you prefer to use the dryer, run it at medium heat for half an hour. Dry only the items you have colored with Crayola fabric markers in the same load to avoid staining other clothing.

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

There are few steps to use Crayola Fabric Markers as follows:

Step 1: 

First choose the fabric you want to decorate with Crayola fabric markers.The markers will work on both cotton and polyester materials. Th rainbow assortment of colors may not show up on dark-colored T-shirts and other materials.

Step 2:

Place the fabric to be decorated on top of a piece of paper or a brown paper bag to prevent the markers from bleeding through the cloth. If you are drawing on a T-shirt , place the paper inside the shirt, between the front and back sections.

Step 3:

Color your material using a lot of ink. Light marks from Crayola fabric markers may wash off in the washing machine.Saturating the cloth well will guarantee the color will remain on the cloth.

Step 4:

Put aside your creation to let it dry before you set the design with heat. Drying times may range from just a few minutes to an hour or more, depending on how thoroughly you have covered your fabric.

Step 5:

Set the markers by using either an iron or a clothes dryer. Iron over the designs slowly for about 4 minutes. If you prefer to use the dryer, run it at medium heat for half an hour. Dry only the items you have colored with Crayola fabric markers in the same load to avoid staining other clothing.

Place the fabric to be decorated on top of a piece of paper or a brown paper bag to prevent the markers from bleeding through the cloth. If you are drawing on a T-shirt, place the paper inside the shirt, between the front and back sections.

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

Place the fabric to be decorated on top of a piece of paper or a brown paper bag to prevent the markers from bleeding through the cloth. If you are drawing on a T-shirt, place the paper inside the shirt, between the front and back sections.

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

Choose the fabric you want to decorate with Crayola fabric markers. The markers will work on both cotton and polyester materials. The rainbow assortment of colors may not show up on dark-colored T-shirts and other materials.

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

Choose the fabric you want to decorate with Crayola fabric markers. The markers will work on both cotton and polyester materials. The rainbow assortment of colors may not show up on dark-colored T-shirts and other materials.

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

Choose the fabric you want to decorate with Crayola fabric markers. The markers will work on both cotton and polyester materials. The rainbow assortment of colors may not show up on dark-colored T-shirts and other materials.

2

Place the fabric to be decorated on top of a piece of paper or a brown paper bag to prevent the markers from bleeding through the cloth. If you are drawing on a T-shirt, place the paper inside the shirt, between the front and back sections.

3

Color your material using a lot of ink. Light marks from Crayola fabric markers may wash off in the washing machine. Saturating the cloth well will guarantee the color will remain on the cloth.

4

Put aside your creation to let it dry before you set the design with heat. Drying times may range from just a few minutes to an hour or more, depending on how thoroughly you have covered your fabric.

5

Set the markers by using either an iron or a clothes dryer. Iron over the designs slowly for about 4 minutes. If you prefer to use the dryer, run it at medium heat for half an hour. Dry only the items you have colored with Crayola fabric markers in the same load to avoid staining other clothing.

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

Crayola makes a fabric marker that allows kids (and adults) to create their own designs on T-shirts, tote bags and other items. Crayola fabric markers are easy to use and provide parents and teachers with an inexpensive craft idea for children of all ages.

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

Crayola makes a fabric marker that allows kids (and adults) to create their own designs on T-shirts, tote bags and other items. Crayola fabric markers are easy to use and provide parents and teachers with an inexpensive craft idea for children of all ages.

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

Crayola makes a fabric marker that allows kids (and adults) to create their own designs on T-shirts, tote bags and other items. Crayola fabric markers are easy to use and provide parents and teachers with an inexpensive craft idea for children of all ages.

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

Crayola makes a fabric marker that allows kids (and adults) to create their own designs on T-shirts, tote bags and other items. Crayola fabric markers are easy to use and provide parents and teachers with an inexpensive craft idea for children of all ages

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

Crayola makes a fabric marker that allows kids (and adults) to create their own designs on T-shirts, tote bags and other items. Crayola fabric markers are easy to use and provide parents and teachers with an inexpensive craft idea for children of all ages.

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

Crayola makes a fabric marker that allows kids (and adults) to create their own designs on T-shirts, tote bags and other items. Crayola fabric markers are easy to use and provide parents and teachers with an inexpensive craft idea for children of all ages.

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

Things You'll Need

• Cotton or polyester fabric
• Crayola fabric markers
• Paper bags or paper

• Iron
• Clothes dryer

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_4882027_use-crayola-fabric-markers.html

How to Heat Set Fabric Markers

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/how_7204794_heat-set-fabric-markers.html