what is knitting and weaving. What is the difference between knitting and weaving.

Knitting	Weaving
Knitting is the process of taking yarn and making it into sweaters, hats, socks, and more.	Weaving is the process of taking yarn and making it into garments, rugs, and other products by interlocking two sets of yarn.
Production cost is less.	Production cost is high.
Knitters use yarns made of all sorts of natural and synthetic types.	Weaving can use a multitude of materials.
Sizing is not required.	Sizing is required.
Knitting can be done with a machine as well as by hand.	Weaving often takes place on a loom.
Only Needle is used.	Healed eye/ frame are used.
There is Coarse and Wale.	There is Warp and Weft.
Only one yarn is used.	Two or more yarns are used.
Less perdurable.	More perdurable.
Knit fabric is stretchy.	Woven fabric does not stretch.
Dimensional stability is low.	Dimensional stability is high.
High Elasticity is needed.	Less Elasticity is needed.

Explanation of Projectile weaving and Rapier weaving machine.

Projectile weaving: 

• A gripper projectile transports a single weft yarn into a shed.
•  Projectile machines are available with

                1.unilateral picking combined with multiple projectiles, or

                2.bilateral picking with a single projectile

• Multiple projectile weaving is suitable to weave dobby, jacquard, and terry fabrics, from continuous-filament as well as spun yarns, and with up to six different colors of weft. 

                                            Figure: Projectile Weaving Machine

• The multiple – grpper w.m. is a versatile unconventional loom and it offers an advantage of a combination of a wide width and high speed in order to attain high productivity levels. 

• Energy required for picking is built up by twisting a torsion rod. 

• The projectile is braked in the receiving unit and conveyed to its original position by a transport device installed under the shed. 

Rapier weaving:

• The single rapier w.m., extends the full width of the warp.

• In the weft insertion by double rapiers, the weft yarn is is inserted half way into the shed by one carrier and then taken over in the center by the other carrier and drawn out to the opposite side of the fabric.

• The telescopic rapier is a kind of rigid rapier which enables a considerable floor space saving.

                                         
                                              Figure: Rapier Weaving Machine

• It should also be remembered that only 50% of the rapier movement is utilized in weft insertion, and, for single-rapier looms, this wasted movement is also a time loss. 

• The future of this method of weft insertion would appear to lie mainly in the field of multi-color work.

Shuttle Looms & Shuttle less Looms with advantages and disadvantages.

Shuttle Looms:

The conventional loom utilises a shuttle that contains a bobbin of filling yarn which emerges through a hole in the side.

Three types of Shuttle looms are given below:

Hand Loom- Every operation is performed manually.       

                                                       

Power Loom (non-automatic)- The shuttle is changed by hand. 

Automatic Weaving Machines-  A power driven loom on which the shuttles or pirns are changed automatically.

Disadvantages of shuttle looms: 

• Shuttles causes abrasion on the warp yarns
• Sometimes causes Warp breaks.
• Function slowly (110 to 225 picks per minute)
• Shuttle looms are noisy   
• The movement of shuttle will be more difficult to control and there will be a greater  possibility of its ejection from the loom.

                                                                                       

Shuttle less Looms:

Shuttle less looms uses a different method of picking, which provides specific characteristics and applications.

Three types of Shuttleless looms are given below:

1.Projectile : The picking action is accomplished by a series of small bullet like projectiles which grip the filling yarn and carry it through the shed and return empty.

2 Rapier: A rapier loom uses a rapier to pull the weft yarn across the loom.

3.Jet : Jet looms take the weft yarn across the loom by using a high speed of either air or water.

Advantages of shuttle less looms:

• High labour and machine productivity due to high speed and wider width of looms.
• Reduced labour cost due to higher allocation of looms and productivity.
• Defect free cloth for longer length.
• Better environment due to low noise level.
• Less value loss of fabrics.
• Low consumption of stores and spares.
• Easily adaptable for market trends.
• Bigger flanges can accommodate 3 times and lesser wastages.
• Lesser accidents.
• Easy maintenance and less work load for Jobbers.
• Pirn winding process is eliminated.

What is weaving.Diagram of weaving machine classification.

Weaving:

Fabric is made by interlacing warp and weft threads. The process of producing a fabric is called weaving.To make fabric a machine is used which is known as loom and also called weaving machine.

                                     

         Figure: weaving

Weaving machine classification:

                    Figure: Diagram of Weaving machine classification

Single-phase weaving machines:

• There is a sequence in primary motions of weaving, and each of them is repeated once in each weaving cycle.
• The weft insertion, which is the principal weaving operation, takes place only at discrete intervals.

Single phase looms are two types:

1.Shuttle machines : 

This loom utilizes a shuttle that contains a bobbin of filling yarn which emerges through a hole in the side.

 

2.Shuttlleless machines:

Shuttle less looms uses a different method of picking, which provides specific characteristics and applications.

   

Multi-phase weaving machines:

• Several sheds are opened simultaneously and weft is inserted in them by several carriers.
• Several phases of the weaving cycle take place at any instant so that several picks are being inserted simultaneously.